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The Dutch transferred to Great Britain the ' Town and Fort of Malacca and its Dependencies' in which Britain and the Netherlands demarcated their territorial spheres of interest, by the Treaty of London 1824.
Individual had access to government officials when the headmen, or penghulu , preserved peace and kept population records as British law was introduced in 1826. The tengchu of the Cheng Hoon Teng temple whose appointment was confirmed by the British authorities became leaders to the Chinese community.